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exchange at the link layer, which is essential for real-time communication. Unique to PROFINET is that the protocol bypasses the intermediate layers (from layer 3 to layer 6) during real-time operation and [...] troubleshooting. PROFINET utilizes both cyclic and acyclic data exchange methods. Cyclic data, which includes real-time data and alarms, is transmitted directly via Ethernet using PROFINET Real-Time (RT) telegrams [...] represents the most basic level of PROFINET performance. It covers essential functions for real-time communication over PROFINET, allowing all IT services to be used without restriction. This class is suitable
volume, security requirements, the existing network infrastructure and the need for real-time communication. The network infrastructure must also be robust enough to handle the harsh conditions often present [...] if the know-how is available, the specialist personnel also need the free resources to be able to implement development projects. In times of lack of specialists and the battle for talents, this is an [...] maintenance. At the heart of these systems is the industrial communication network, which serves as the backbone for transmitting data and enabling communication between various devices across the factory floor
including RT (Real-Time), IRT (Isochronous Real-Time), and RT-IRT (Combined Real-Time and Isochronous Real-Time). EtherCAT (Ethernet for Control Automation Technology) EtherCAT is an open Real Time Ethernet [...] Features of Real Time Ethernet Real Time Ethernet: Standards and Technologies Categories of Real Time Ethernet Advantages of Real Time Ethernet Hilscher & Real Time Ethernet Our products Introduction Real Time [...] distinguished by the severity of the consequences that can result from data not being processed or delivered within the required time constraints. Hard Real-Time (HRT) Hard real-time systems are those
received the PUBREC and is releasing the message. Finally, the receiver sends a PUBCOMP packet back to the sender to confirm the completion of the exchange. This sequence ensures that messages are not lost [...] by adjusting its settings to cool the room down to the desired temperature. Real-time Communication The broker acts as a central hub in the publish-subscribe model. When a publisher has a new message to [...] client becomes a publisher when it sends messages to the broker. It assigns a topic to each message, which is used by the broker to route the message to interested subscribers. The data payload can contain
uses the "NRT" (non-real time) communication channel, while cyclic process data uses the "RT" (real-time) channel. Data Security and Reliability While acyclic communication does not guarantee the exchange [...] according to the relevant device profile. The alarm channel can be enabled or disabled via a configuration parameter, allowing the user to control whether these alarm messages are transmitted. When the alarm [...] acyclic communication, there is significant flexibility in the size and speed of the data transfer. Users can transmit any size of data without worrying about time constraints, and the speed of data transfer
Service Routine (ISR). The primary purpose of an ISR is to handle the specific event or condition that triggered the interrupt. After the ISR performs the necessary actions, the processor resumes its previous [...] and latency time. 2. Lack of Real-time Responsiveness Polling could not guarantee real-time responsiveness, which is crucial for applications such as process control or robot movements. Interrupts provide [...] critical ones wait. Real-Time Communication with Hilscher As a market leader Hilscher offers a wide range of products for industrial communication in RTE networks. The netX technology and the multiprotocol-capable
Communication Hilscher specializes in industrial communication solutions, particularly in the field of fieldbus and real-time ethernet (RTE) protocols as well as in the area of Industry 4.0 and IIoT . The basis [...] CANopen , PROFINET , EtherNet/IP , EtherCAT as controller or device. The multi-protocol capability of the netX communication processors makes them unique on the market. Simply reloading the protocol stacks [...] complement the capabilities of the main processor or controller. This can include tasks such as data processing, protocol handling, signal conditioning, encryption/decryption, and many more. Real-Time Capabilities
Internet Protocol , is the fundamental suite of protocols that enable communication over the internet and most private networks. DHCP operates primarily within the IP layer of this stack. When a device (client) [...] servers within the network. This request takes place within the application layer protocols and is transported using User Datagram Protocol (UDP) at the transport layer, highlighting the layers' collaboration [...] protocol suite and therefore do not support the dynamic assignment of IP addresses. However, over the course of the 1990s and into the 2000s, there were increasing efforts to make standard Ethernet technology
or removing devices is simple and does not affect the rest of the network. Fault detection is easier as each device is connected to a central hub. Disadvantages: The central hub is a single point of failure [...] network topology. The containerized netFIELD app PROFINET Tap, which analyses the data stream in PROFINET-controlled networks in real time and transmits process data from the devices to the MQTT broker via [...] topology, it is crucial to assess the available hardware resources, the patterns of application calls and the nature of the planned business processes, as these will influence the suitability of the topology
slave's response is processed, the master moves to the next slave in the schedule, repeating the polling process. Cycle Repeats The master continues polling according to the predetermined schedule. After [...] are polled, the cycle restarts. Error Handling If a slave does not respond or an error occurs, the master may log the error, retry the request, or move on to the next slave depending on the protocol's [...] if the device data changes infrequently. Token-Based Polling (Token Passing) involves a token—a special data packet—that is circulated among the devices in the network. Only the device holding the token
microcontrollers Microcontrollers usually contain the following components: Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU is the core component also known as the brain of the microcontroller and responsible for executing [...] which is particularly important for many devices. Their low power modes, including sleep and idle modes, allow them to conserve energy when full operation is not required, extending the life of the power [...] particular note is the smallest multi-protocol communication controller on the market, the netX 90, which features embedded flash and offers true multi-protocol capability for real-time Ethernet and fieldbus
quantities. The rule is: the higher the number of units, the higher the development costs can be. Available space: The smaller the available space, for example with small sensors, the more difficult it is to integrate [...] over time, the umbrella organization PROFIBUS International (PI) was founded in 1995. In 2006, the name was finally extended to include PROFINET, but the abbreviation PI remained. The organization is responsible [...] slave, and the slave must respond immediately to that request. This setup prevents bus contention since only one master can control the bus at any time. The cyclic I/O Data Exchange is the normal interaction
value, which is calculated based on the data's bitwise content, is appended. The receiving end or storage system then performs its own CRC calculation on the received data and compares it with the transmitted [...] in real time. By enabling reliable data transmission, CRCs improve the robustness of the overall system and play an essential role in advanced applications such as predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring [...] without adding significant overhead. This reliability is particularly valuable in modern Industry 4.0 frameworks, where real-time data exchange is crucial for predictive maintenance, automated control
closed group of subscribers without the data transmission rate used by the sender being multiplied by the number of receivers. With multicasting, the sender only requires the same data transmission rate as [...] like computers, IP phones or bus participants, receive the data simultaneously. It operates on the network layer of the OSI model . Its advantage is that messages can be transmitted simultaneously to several [...] approach is far more efficient than unicast for group communication and avoids the indiscriminate nature of broadcast. Multicast is particularly useful for live video streaming, online gaming, and real-time
automation and communication via the EtherCAT protocol (Ethernet for Control Automation Technology). EtherCAT is a high-performance, industrial real-time Ethernet protocol that is widely used in automation [...] control devices) on the network. They are XML-based and follow a standardized format defined by the EtherCAT Technology Group (ETG). The structure of an ESI file is specified in the EtherCATInfo.xsd XML [...] for editing ESI files. Manually editing the ESI file may be necessary when the MainDevice does not provide SDO initialization sequence support. Types of ESI files The EtherCAT SubDevice Information (ESI)
scenarios. SERCOS III SERCOS III (Serial Real-time Communication System) is the third generation of the SERCOS interface, which is an Ethernet-based real-time communication system for industrial automation [...] operational efficiency to fostering real-time control, the merits of embracing industrial communication are transformative, such as: Real-time monitoring Real-time monitoring and control within industrial [...] communication across all levels of the automation pyramid. For a long time, however, the lack of real-time capability, which is essential for industrial applications, was the reason why fieldbuses continued
or PC cards - is the ongoing maintenance of the software by the manufacturer. This is because the software must be constantly updated, for example with regard to security or the state of the art and fun [...] attacks, which is vital in modern interconnected devices. In the context of industrial communication , the so-called protocol firmware extends the core functions of the standard software with the ability to [...] Firmware is a specialized type of software that is integrated into hardware devices. It acts as a bridge between the hardware and other software, providing the basic instructions required for the device
control units, such as PLCs or DCS, that execute the control tasks based on sensor inputs. At the base of the pyramid lies the Field Level , which is the production floor itself. Here, physical work and [...] roots in the first Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, where mechanization replaced human labour with mechanical power. The second industrial revolution took place in the 19th century with the discovery [...] structure is often visualized as an automation pyramid which serves as a structured model for categorizing the various levels of automation within industrial settings. At the apex of this pyramid is the Management
analysis. The field level is considered the lowest hierarchy in industrial automation and is often referred to as the "arms and eyes" of an automated industrial process. It is at this level that real-time process [...] pyramid – Explaining the hierarchies The automation pyramid, also known as the ISA-95-Architecture or the Purdue Model of Control Hierarchy, is a conceptual representation of the different layers of automation [...] pyramid – Explaining the hierarchies The Relevance of Industrial Communication in the Field Technologies for industrial communication in the Field Current & Future trends Field level & Hilscher Technologies Related
at the receiving end, an error is detected. Checksum: A checksum is a calculated value based on the sum of the bits in the data segment. Both the sender and receiver calculate this value and compare it [...] division to generate a code based on the data packet's contents. The receiver performs the same division, and if the resulting code matches, the data is considered valid. CRC is highly effective at detecting [...] Below are the primary methods utilized: Parity Check: Involves adding a parity bit to the data to make the number of ones either even (even parity) or odd (odd parity). If the parity condition is not met at
mechanisms are indispensable. They ensure not only the operational efficiency and safety of industrial systems but also facilitate the seamless integration and real-time data flow across diverse environments [...] verify the authenticity of devices and secure the communication channel, thereby protecting the data from being intercepted by malicious entities. Industrial Communication with Hilscher With the Experience [...] ensure the system's safety before operation begins. Once safety conditions are met, the servo power can be initialized, and robots can start their tasks, with proper signals indicating when the motors
transmission. The core principle enabling the efficient travel of light within these fibres is total internal reflection. This phenomenon occurs at the interface between the core and the cladding of the fibre [...] systems. The signal strength in copper cables weakened as the distance increased, necessitating the use of signal repeaters or amplifiers to maintain signal quality. This not only added complexity to the co [...] that correspond to the received light pulses. The final stage in this communication process involves the decoding, processing, and analysis of the now-electrical signals. This step is essential for various
communication allows not only the transmission of sensor data to controllers but also the sending of commands from controllers back to devices. This two-way data flow is essential for real-time monitoring and [...] smoothly with minimal latency. The real-time deterministic nature of IO-Link Wireless protocols ensures that data exchange is timely and reliable, which is vital for maintaining the precision and synchronization [...] standard), designed to offer the benefits of IO-Link with the added flexibility of wireless connectivity. This wireless variant maintains the high levels of reliability, real-time performance, and robustness
as a black channel for the safety system. On the hardware side, as with non-safety devices, the netX forms the interface to the fieldbus or real-time Ethernet systems. The safety frames are treated like [...] forwarded to the safety-relevant application. The corresponding application firmware for the netX 90 can be implemented on the application side of the controller, for example. It retrieves the data packets [...] meet the required safety integrity and performance criteria. On the other hand, PL is a measure of the performance of safety-related parts of control systems, focusing on their ability to achieve the desired
their timing is synchronized within specified cycles. The precision of this synchronization is crucial, as it allows for the seamless execution of tasks in environments where timing is of the essence. Acyclic [...] non-deterministic nature, which could not guarantee timely data delivery essential for real-time applications. This gap necessitated the development of a system that could meet the stringent timing requirements [...] Pivotal for the real-time transfer of I/O data between managing nodes (such as PLCs or industrial PCs) and network devices. This process is meticulously orchestrated through a sequence where the managing
zed edge software to the devices. This is an essential function without which the management of countless devices would not be economically feasible. This is because operating the gateways, their operating [...] initiative was closely followed by the establishment of the OPC Foundation, which played a pivotal role in overseeing the development and maintenance of the OPC standards. The release of OPC Classic specifications [...] cloud computing and edge computing. The year 2018 saw the introduction of the Pub/Sub communication model in OPC UA 1.04 Part 14, enabling high-performance, real-time data exchange and further solidifying
and F-Parameters When the safety controller sends parameters to the devices, the setup information is transmitted and received using the PROFIsafe drivers. The parameter setup ensures the same level of data [...] non-safety devices, the netX forms the interface to the fieldbus or real-time Ethernet systems. The safety frames are treated like I/O data and forwarded to the safety-relevant application. The corresponding [...] can be reduced. The risk is assessed based on the frequency (likelihood) of the hazardous event and the severity of the consequences. Safety functions are then implemented to reduce the risk to a tolerable
information is crucial for uniquely identifying the device within the automation system. The Device Parameters section delves into the various adjustable settings and parameters that define the device's operation [...] follow: The Header Section of a GSDML file provides an overview, including the version of the GSDML specification followed, the creation or modification date, and essential metadata about the device or [...] device description format, leading to the creation of the Generic Station Description Markup Language (GSDML), a language for describing devices in PROFINET networks, in the early 2000s. GSDML represented a
reduction. The higher the SIL level, the lower the probability of failure and the greater the risk reduction achieved by the safety function. Various characteristic values are used to define the SIL levels [...] within the system, regardless of the reliability of the communication channel itself. The black channel principle involves adding an extra safety layer between the last layer of the OSI model and the application [...] levels, including the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD), the Risk Reduction Factor (RRF), the Probability of Failure per Hour (PFH) and the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). For illustration purposes
before the hardware design has been defined and significantly shortens the time-to-market. The universal Hardware is equipped with an integrated debug interface from the outset. Related Links Hilscher 플랫폼의 [...] support the designed network topology and ensure reliable data exchange and network performance. Once the network is operational, data acquisition and control processes commence. This involves real-time monitoring [...] expertise. The manual configuration processes were not only time-consuming but also prone to errors. Engineers had to navigate through intricate settings and parameters, significantly increasing the risk of
examples: With the netX 90 architecture, Hilscher has focused on the embedded security requirements for field devices in the hardware. If a device wants to authenticate itself in the system, the firmware must [...] a result, the issue of cyber security is becoming ever more deeply and structurally integrated into the development of industrial components, machines and systems. One example of this is the European Union's [...] products used in industrial production. Rather than explain the full scope of the CRA, which is beyond the scope of this article, the following explains how such legislation can be complied. Legal requirements
with Hilscher Related Links The Evolution of the Internet Protocol The history of the Internet Protocol (IP) began with the inception of ARPANET in the late 1960s. Initially, ARPANET utilized the Network [...] Internet era. Around the same time, TCP/IP was adopted as the standard networking protocol suite, further solidifying its role as the backbone of the internet. The first version of the Internet Protocol, [...] depending on the application requirements and network constraints. The size of the payload can vary, influenced by the specific needs of the application and the limitations imposed by the network. This
because a component does not fulfil the requirements. Shanghai ABB Engineering Co., Ltd. has encountered this problem, due to the system all use the latest PROFINET technology, and the original use of Cognex [...] Real-Time Ethernet Gateway netTAP 151-RE-RE with the User Trusted Product Award. In addition, the Hilscher team in Shanghai received the CAA’s 2025 Innovation and Growth Company of the Year award. Both honors [...] netField App PROFINET 장치 - 엣지 장치를 PROFINET 네트워크에 원활하게 통합 하터스하임, 2025. 1. 15. – Hilscher(Hilscher Gesellschaft für Systemautomation mbH)는 PROFINET 네트워크를 IIoT 애플리케이션에 연결하는 새로운 앱, netFIELD App PROFINET Device를
Real-Time Ethernet Gateway netTAP 151-RE-RE with the User Trusted Product Award. In addition, the Hilscher team in Shanghai received the CAA’s 2025 Innovation and Growth Company of the Year award. Both honors [...] netField App PROFINET 장치 - 엣지 장치를 PROFINET 네트워크에 원활하게 통합 하터스하임, 2025. 1. 15. – Hilscher(Hilscher Gesellschaft für Systemautomation mbH)는 PROFINET 네트워크를 IIoT 애플리케이션에 연결하는 새로운 앱, netFIELD App PROFINET Device를 [...] efficiently with the netX 90 – practical, compliant, and update-ready. Register now! When: 08. July 2025 At 11:00 a.m. Where: Online 더 보기 Hilscher at IAS Shanghai 2025 Hilscher at the Industrial Automation
Real-Time Ethernet Gateway netTAP 151-RE-RE with the User Trusted Product Award. In addition, the Hilscher team in Shanghai received the CAA’s 2025 Innovation and Growth Company of the Year award. Both honors [...] netField App PROFINET 장치 - 엣지 장치를 PROFINET 네트워크에 원활하게 통합 하터스하임, 2025. 1. 15. – Hilscher(Hilscher Gesellschaft für Systemautomation mbH)는 PROFINET 네트워크를 IIoT 애플리케이션에 연결하는 새로운 앱, netFIELD App PROFINET Device를 [...] efficiently with the netX 90 – practical, compliant, and update-ready. Register now! When: 08. July 2025 At 11:00 a.m. Where: Online 더 보기 Hilscher at IAS Shanghai 2025 Hilscher at the Industrial Automation