automation. Reliability and error detection Telegrams incorporate error-checking mechanisms such as checksums or cyclic redundancy checks (CRC). These mechanisms ensure data integrity by detecting and correcting [...] specific network components. Footer: Often includes error-detection information like checksums or cyclic redundancy checks (CRC) to ensure data integrity during transmission. Data encoding Information is encoded [...] Error checking methods Error detection and correction are crucial for maintaining data integrity in industrial communications. Common techniques used include parity bits, checksums, and cyclic redundancy
transfer in digital systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Introduction A Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is a widely used error-detection [...] robust yet efficient method for detecting data corruption. CRCs in Industrial Communication Cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) play a crucial role in ensuring data integrity in industrial communication systems [...] as predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring and automated control systems. Advantages Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs) offer numerous advantages for industrial communication, making them a vital component
PROFIsafe employs mechanisms such as cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to verify the integrity of safety data transmitted over the communication channel. CRC calculates a checksum based on the transmitted data, [...] error-checked communication for applications requiring Safety Integrity Level (SIL) compliance, such as emergency stops and machine guarding. PROFIsafe also utilizes mechanisms like cyclic redundancy checks [...] F-Device needs different iParameters at runtime, PROFIsafe provides additional services. PROFIsafe Services The main services provide exchange of F-Output and F-Input data. During start-up or in case of
minimal disruption to existing processes. Reliability CIP Safety employs Safety CRCs (Cyclic Redundancy Checks) or checksums for all safety transfers. This method is crucial for verifying the integrity of the [...] adherence to evolving safety standards and industry best practices. CIP Safety supports both cyclic and acyclic communication modes. Cyclic Communication is particularly valuable for tasks requiring real-time [...] and extensive protocol stacks, supports the development of devices that have to fulfil high functional safety requirements. The firmware supports the date exchange services for the required safety-relevant
implemented. These measures include mechanisms like consecutive telegram counters or checksums like the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for preventing data corruption, and "watchdogs" to detect delays. In case [...] delivery in industrial automation without requiring dedicated infrastructure. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Black Channel Black Channel Introduction Black channel communication is a concept within [...] ensuring that safety-critical information is transmitted reliably. Data Integrity By implementing safety checks for data integrity, reliability, fault detection, and authentication of identity and origin, the
error detection and correction mechanisms to ensure reliable data transmission. Checksums and CRCs (Cyclic Redundancy Checks) are used to detect transmission errors and ensure data integrity. Retransmission [...] data exchange between numerous industrial devices in large automation networks. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary CC-LINK CC-LINK An introduction to CC-Link The inception of CC-Link (Control and Com [...] data, and checksum fields. The header carries essential information like source and destination addresses, frame type, and control details. The data field contains the payload, while the checksum field is
applications to expand your knowledge and better understand complex topics. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Glossary Insights into the language of automation Here, you will find a comprehensive collection [...] timely updates and reliability in real-time control systems for industrial automation. Plus Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) An error-detection method that verifies data integrity by comparing calculated CRC [...] networks that ensures efficient, reliable data transfer, supporting high speeds and features like link aggregation for greater bandwidth and redundancy. Plus Ethernet POWERLINK A real-time industrial Ethernet
data, the recipient verifies its integrity using error detection mechanisms such as checksums or cyclic redundancy checks (CRC). After confirming the data's integrity, the receiving device processes the received [...] autonomous, fully-fledged fieldbus or Real-Time Ethernet controller, supporting both cyclical and acyclical communication services. The SmartWire-DT gateways connect SmartWire-DT devices and components [...] seamless data exchange, connectivity, and integration across automation systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Gateway Gateway Fundamentals Gateways play a crucial role in the industrial sector by
any issues encountered during communication. Error detection techniques, like checksums and CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checks), ensure that any corrupted data is identified and retransmitted if necessary. [...] computers, using hardware like wires and fibers alongside communication protocols. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Bus System Bus System What is a Bus System? In computer architecture, the term " bus [...] helps in utilization of this technology for tailored needs of the industry. Support for Multiple Protocols Bus systems support almost all popular network protocols, which is crucial for the adaptable i
transmission. These protocols often incorporate error detection and correction features, such as cyclic redundancy checks (CRC) and acknowledgments (ACK/NACK). This ensures that any transmission errors are detected [...] readiness, and managing data flow in industrial automation and control systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Handshake Mechanism Handshake Mechanism Introduction to Handshake Mechanism In industrial [...] data transmission, directly influencing modern computing and communication systems. Telegraph news services vastly improved the speed and reliability of information dissemination, laying the groundwork for
to handle higher error rates found in more complex data transmissions. Additionally, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is employed for error detection, ensuring reliability in high-speed data transfers. PCIe [...] networking, and accelerators in industrial automation and computing systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary PCI Express PCI Express Introduction PCI Express, commonly known as PCIe or PCI-e, is [...] but also supports more efficient and reliable communication protocols such as packet-based transactions, like Industrial Ethernet . Benefits of PCIe for industrial use High Bandwidth PCIe supports high-speed
of configuration data, diagnostics, and urgent commands outside regular cyclic communication. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Acyclic Data Transmission Acyclic Data Transmission Introduction Acyclic [...] between Cyclic & Acyclic Data Transmission Cyclic and acyclic data transmission represent two different approaches to transferring information within a network or system. Scheduled vs. On-Demand Cyclic com [...] outside of the standard cyclic operations. This flexibility enhances the responsiveness and efficiency of industrial processes by allowing devices to interact beyond their regular cyclic exchanges. Acyclic
ensure the integrity of the data during transmission. Robust error handling mechanisms, like cyclic redundancy check (CRC) , are implemented to detect and correct any errors, thereby maintaining reliable c [...] exchange between industrial controls and motion devices via fiber-optic connections. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Sercos Sercos What is Sercos? Sercos (Serial Real-time Communication System) originated [...] ability to achieve cyclic update rates as low as 62.5 microseconds is crucial for applications demanding high precision and dynamics. By 1999, Sercos II had expanded the supported data rates to include
ation in automation systems, enabling high-performance control applications. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Ethernet POWERLINK Ethernet POWERLINK Introducing Ethernet POWERLINK The inception of [...] Ethernet POWERLINK networks leverage both cyclic and acyclic communication to meet the diverse requirements of industrial automation and control systems. Cyclic communication Pivotal for the real-time transfer [...] diagnostic data, between controllers and devices. This form of communication occurs outside the regular cyclic exchanges, providing flexibility in managing less urgent data without disrupting the deterministic
n in automation, robotics, manufacturing, and other industrial applications. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary EtherCAT EtherCAT Introduction In today's industrial landscape, the integration of advanced [...] formats, supporting real-time communication of different data types in a synchronized manner. This flexibility is vital in applications requiring the exchange of heterogeneous data. EtherCAT supports up to [...] time from the first DC slave device is cyclically distributed to all other devices in the system. EtherCAT communication operates through two main cycles Cyclic Communication involves the regular exchange
simultaneously, optimizing bandwidth usage and reducing network congestion. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Multicast Multicast Introduction Multicast is a communication method where a single data [...] protocols like PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, and EtherCAT, where multicast is used to support time-critical communication, such as cyclic data updates or event notifications. For example, in factory automation, multicast [...] robotics or energy systems. Furthermore, multicast's ability to enable group communication supports features like redundancy protocols and diagnostics, enhancing fault tolerance and system visibility in industrial
improve speed, accuracy, and precision in manufacturing and production processes. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Automation Technology Automation Technology The Basics of Automation Automation technology [...] (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits). PROFIBUS enables cyclic data exchange between PLCs and field-devices, a fundamental aspect allowing both cyclical and acyclical communication. PROFIBUS DP excels in fast [...] without direct interaction between the publisher and subscriber. The protocol supports multiple levels of Quality of Service (QoS) to guarantee message delivery according to the needs of the application
systems, enabling seamless integration across diverse industrial environments. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary OPC UA OPC UA Evolution of OPC UA Microsoft introduced the OPC (OLE for Process Control) [...] network services directly to user applications, enabling OPC UA to facilitate communication between clients and servers within industrial systems. By defining its own suite of protocols and services for data [...] such as bus, star, mesh, and ring topologies. This versatility is further enhanced by its support for both cyclic (periodic) and acyclic (event-driven) communication patterns, which allows it to accommodate
control systems for industrial automation. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Cyclic Data Transmission Cyclic Data Transmission Introduction Cyclic Data Transmission is a communication methodology where [...] between cyclic & acyclic data transmission Cyclic and acyclic data transmission represent two different approaches to transferring information within a network or system. Scheduled vs. on-demand Cyclic com [...] PROFINET utilize cyclic communication to manage real-time data between controllers and devices, enabling effective process control and diagnostics in complex automation systems. Cyclic data transmission
reconfigured. The modules can be of different types, such as Cyclic Synchronous Position (CSP), Cyclic Synchronous Velocity (CSV), and Cyclic Synchronous Torque (CST). The EtherCAT MainDevice can dynamically [...] enabling seamless integration and communication in industrial automation systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary ESI File / EtherCAT SubDevice Information ESI File / EtherCAT SubDevice Information [...] Communication profiles They specify the communication profiles supported by EtherCAT SubDevices. This includes the data exchange formats, cyclic data transfer rates, synchronization methods, and other com
features. They commonly support network topologies with fast failover mechanisms such as Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) or proprietary redundancy protocols like MRP (Media Redundancy Protocol). These features [...] on MAC addresses, reducing congestion and improving communication reliability. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Switch (Network) Switch (Network) General description In computer networks, switches [...] switches often support protocols like EtherCAT , PROFINET , or Modbus TCP, which are widely used in automation technology . Industrial switches also provide enhanced network management and redundancy features
efficient, reliable data transfer, supporting high speeds and features like link aggregation for greater bandwidth and redundancy. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Ethernet Channel Ethernet Channel
equipment, and the environment through automatic, reliable protection functions. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Functional Safety Functional Safety Functional Safety in industrial Automation Functional [...] likelihood and severity of various failure modes and their potential consequences. 3. Redundancy and Fault Tolerance Redundancy and fault tolerance techniques are employed to ensure that a system can continue [...] embedded modules and PC cards are based, already supports the development of functionally safe systems up to SIL 3. netX technology platform thus supports the development of devices that have to fulfil high
communications, while providing the flexibility of system-on-chip (SoC) alternatives. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Application-Specific Integrated Circuit Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) [...] systems, and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). They provide the necessary performance to support critical functions like real-time processing and high-speed data handling. The integration of ASICs [...] devices are present within a network. It facilitates interactions between devices beyond standard cyclic operations, enabling efficient device parameterization, network diagnostics, and on-demand information
influencing performance, reliability, and data flow efficiency in industrial systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Network Topologies Network Topologies Emergence Network topologies are the physical and [...] integrated into any network topology that is supported by the respective communication protocol. For some solutions Hilscher also offers a topology editor to support users in setting up the correct topology [...] where nodes are selectively connected to each other. Advantages: Provides high reliability and redundancy. If a node fails, alternative paths can be used for data transmission. Disadvantages: Complex
error detection, packet routing, and traffic management for optimal performance. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Communication Controller Communication Controller Introduction A communication controller [...] timely responses and synchronization critical for automated processes. Multiprotocol Support They typically support various industrial Ethernet and fieldbus protocols, such as PROFINET , Ethernet/IP , [...] Internet of Things) Technologies These technologies support advanced data analytics, remote monitoring, and seamless integration with cloud-based services. Key IIoT protocols include: MQTT OPC UA In addition
unique addressing and routing capabilities for seamless global communication. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Internet Protocol Internet Protocol The Evolution of the Internet Protocol The history [...] Program (NCP) for communication between computers. However, NCP's limitations, such as its lack of support for multiple network protocols and a limited addressing scheme, necessitated the development of a [...] Protocols such as IPsec (IP Security) and Mobile IP have been developed to provide enhanced security and support for mobility in IP networks, showcasing the ongoing innovation in the field of internet technology
between devices, simplifying network development, scalability, and troubleshooting. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Protocol Stack Protocol Stack General description A protocol stack is a structured set [...] interactions. The stack operates hierarchically, with each layer relying on the services of the one below it while providing services to the one above it. This modular design simplifies development, troubleshooting [...] depending on the application’s needs. Protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) provide error checking and retransmission, while UDP (User Datagram Protocol) focuses on speed over reliability. 5. Session
events, improving system efficiency, multitasking, and real-time responsiveness. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Interrupt Mechanism Interrupt Mechanism Introduction to Interrupt The concept of interrupts [...] communication diagnostic devices support the smooth operation of fieldbus networks. Next to RTE systems, Hilscher's components for industrial communication networks also support the most common fieldbus protocols [...] its ongoing operations, saves its state, and executes a specialized function known as an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR). The primary purpose of an ISR is to handle the specific event or condition that triggered
like Ethernet over EtherCAT (EoE) mailbox protocol, L2TP or MPLS also support cyclic communication while IPsec and SSL/TLS can support acyclic communication by ensuring secure and timely delivery of data [...] across diverse or incompatible networks by maintaining seamless communication. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Tunneling Tunneling Introduction to tunneling Network tunneling refers to a method in [...] another protocol. This encapsulation allows the data to travel over networks that wouldn't otherwise support the original protocol. The destination network then decapsulates the data to retrieve the original
ns, shaping innovations in telecommunications, computing, and power systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary IEEE IEEE Introduction to IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers [...] underpin many of today's telecommunications, information technology, and power-generation products and services. The IEEE Standards Association (IEEE SA) is responsible for developing globally recognized standards [...] standard champion wireless connectivity in numerous environments, including industrial settings. It supports a range of applications that benefit from wireless communication, such as asset tracking and remote
integration of PCs into automated environments using Ethernet and fieldbus protocols. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Device Drivers for PC Cards Device Drivers for PC Cards Introduction PC cards for industrial [...] control systems. It supports the use of AI/ML models for tasks such as optimising production efficiency and predictive maintenance. Compared to other RTOS such as QNX, VxWorks uniquely supports OCI containers [...] tasks are designed for the integration of PC-based systems into automated environments. These cards support a wide range of industrial Ethernet and fieldbus protocols, allowing PCs to communicate with various
devices, sensors, and controllers in industrial automation and embedded systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary UART / Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter UART / Universal Asynchronous Rec [...] start bit, a series of data bits (usually between 5 to 9 bits), an optional parity bit for error checking, and one or more stop bits to signify the end of a packet. The 'asynchronous' designation arises [...] for error detection. It can be configured for even or odd parity. Full-Duplex Communication UART supports full-duplex communication, meaning it can transmit and receive data simultaneously. This is achieved
forwarding data based on MAC addresses to reduce collisions and enhance efficiency. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Bridge Network Bridge Network Introduction In the 1980s, the networking landscape began [...] and utilized the spanning tree protocol (STP) to prevent network loops, addressing the issue of redundancy and ensuring smoother network operations. Types of Bridges There are several types of bridges, [...] for facilitating seamless connectivity between different network segments, enhancing performance, supporting scalability, and bolstering security. As industrial ecosystems continue to evolve, the role of
and field devices like sensors and actuators in industrial automation systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary PROFIBUS PROFIBUS Introduction PROFIBUS, short for Process Field Bus, is an essential [...] serial communication mechanism, message standards, network access protocols, and error handling, supported by specialized ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits) for comprehensive protocol management [...] PROFIBUS network: DP-V0 This is the base version of the PROFIBUS-DP protocol, primarily focused on cyclic data exchange for automation tasks. It allows for the fast transmission of input/output (I/O) data
processing, and durability in harsh environments for automation and monitoring tasks. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) What is a PLC [...] ports enable PLCs to communicate with other PLCs, computers, distributed I/Os and other interfaces, supporting various communication protocols. Memory A PLC contains different types of volatile or non-volatile [...] is started and executed there. General functionality of PLCs The functionality of a PLC follows a cyclical process, encompassing several stages: Input: The PLC monitors the status of its input devices, including
enabling structured, efficient, and parallel data processing in industrial networks. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary Master-Slave Model Master-Slave Model What is the Master-Slave model? The master-slave [...] this model, servers provide services that are used by clients. The general mode of operation is as follows: The client initiates communication by requesting data or services from the server via a network [...] commands from the master and not from multiple sources. Standardization The master-slave model is supported by many industrial communication protocols such as Profibus and others, making it a well-understood
offering flexibility and reliability in industrial automation environments. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary IO-Link Wireless IO-Link Wireless Introduction IO-Link Wireless is an advanced extension [...] more robust, supporting real-time processing and innovative data management techniques, which are crucial for maintaining seamless operation across large-scale industrial setups. Network Support The foundational [...] and demanding requirements of industrial applications. Utilizing a star topology, IO-Link Wireless supports bi-directional communication between a wireless master and multiple wireless devices, such as sensors
enabling efficient and reliable data exchange between devices in automation systems. Accueil Service et assistance Glossary CANopen CANopen Introduction to CANopen The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, developed [...] data per CAN frame, streamlining information exchange without protocol overhead. Service Data Objects (SDOs) Service Data Objects (SDOs) are vital for configuring and managing devices in CANopen networks [...] isolate faulty segments to restore normal operations. Dynamic node ID assignment is supported via CANopen Layer Setting Services (LSS), enabling efficient plug-and-play functionality. Unconfigured nodes can